植物生物钟课件.pptVIP

A molecular model to explain photoperiodic control of flowering time in Arabidopsis The expression of CO is controlled by the circadian clock, with peak expression ~12 hours after dawn CO protein is unstable in the dark due to COP1 activity so it doesn’t accumulate and FT is not induced In long days the peak of CO mRNA is during the light, so the CO protein can accumulate CO induces FT expression, which stimulates the floral transition Model redrawn from Imaizumi, T. and Kay, S.A. Photoperiodic control of flowering: not only by coincidence. Trends Plant Sci. 11: 550-558. The photoperiodic flowering pathway is broadly conserved between Arabidopsis and crops Cockram, J., Jones, H., Leigh, F.J., OSullivan, D., Powell, W., Laurie, D.A. and Greenland, A.J. (2007). Control of flowering time in temperate cereals: genes, domestication, and sustainable productivity. J Exp. Bot. 58: 1231-1244 by permission of Oxford University Press. A small change to the model also explains flowering in short day plants such as rice Long Day Plants: CO activates FT expression Short Day Plants: ‘CO’ represses ‘FT’ expression Model redrawn from Song, Y.H., Shim, J.S., Kinmonth-Schultz, H.A. and Imaizumi, T. (2015). Photoperiodic flowering: Time measurement mechanisms in leaves. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 66: 441-464. Circadian gating Circadian gating: General concept The regulation of other cell signaling pathways by the circadian clock is known as circadian gating It is a fundamental way that circadian clocks regulate plant cells During gating, the clock acts as a valve on the response of the plant to the environment, so the same environmental cue causes a different strength response depending on the time of day At some times of day the gate is open and the signal passes through. At other times of day the gate is closed and the signal cannot pass through Circadian gating: General concept General principle: an example of light signaling Strong response to light Response Very weak response to