毕业答辩模板-南开大学滨海学院.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Survive: 1. He was dead and survived by his wife and two children. 译文：他死了，撇下了妻子和两个孩子。 2. He survived the trouble. 译文：他闯过了难关。 3. Very few of these old coins survived. 译文：这些古钱币现在已经十分罕见。 4. The country survived the external pressures. 译文：这个国家经受了外部压力，未被压垮。 * * * * * * 第四章词义的处理Techniques of Translating Words and Phrases 1. Methods of Discriminating the Original Meaning of an English Word (英语词义辨析法) Since English words are prone to various meanings, it is of vital importance for translator to discern the right meaning of a given word. And the following are the major methods of discriminating word meaning suggested by some linguists: 1.1 Judging from Affective Meanings(选择情感意义) Affective meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the writer towards the reader. You may address somebody as an “idiot” to convey your despise, or describe something as “marvelous” to express your positive evaluation. There are basically three types of affective meanings: positive, neutral and derogatory(贬义). fossil（老朽） old man/woman (老人) senior, elder(长者) skinny(瘦消的) underweight(体重不够的) slender, slim obese(臃肿的) overweight(超重的) portly(发福的) derogatory neutral positive 与敌勾结，通敌 合作，协作 collaborate 阴谋，诡计，计谋 计划，规划，方案 Scheme 野心 志向，强烈欲望 雄心，抱负 Ambition 后果 结果 成果 Result 一命呜呼，见鬼 死，死亡 仙逝，长眠 Death derogatory neutral positive words More examples: 1. He incited the soldiers to fight bravely. 译文：他激励士兵勇敢作战。 2. He was charged with inciting people to violence. 译文：他被控煽动人们暴动。 3. “You chicken!” he cried, looking at Tom with contempt. 译文：“你胆小鬼！”他轻蔑地看着汤姆嚷道。 2.2 Judging from Grammatical Meanings(选择语法意义) The same word, when used as different parts of speech and playing different roles in a sentence, has different meanings. ◆Take the cart back to the back yard and back it into the shed at the back of the stable. 译文：把牛车拉回到后院，再把它倒到牛棚后面的小屋去。 ◆He had no stomach to follow us. 译文：他不想跟我们走。（意为“食欲，爱好”） ◆I can’t stomach this job any longer. 译文：这工作我再也受不了啦。(stomach意为“忍受”) 2.3 Judging from Cont