宗教 跨文化交际.pptVIP

; Founder: Gautama(乔达摩), Sakyamuni(释迦摩尼) Definition: Buddhism is at once a faith, a philosophy, and a way of life attempting to help the individual come to the end of suffering by discovering the true nature of reality---its impermanence, its inherent unsatisfactoriness, and its “emptiness”. Characteristics: a. peace, enlightenment, and Nirvana do not come from God b. direct personal experience is the final test of truth c. The Buddha taught that each individual has the power to overcom suffering. d. This individual responsibility is often difficult for Westerners to understand. ;The Four Noble Truths四谛;The Noble Eightfold Path : Right view正见 Right thought正思维 Right speech正语 Right behavior正业 Right livelihood正命 Right effort正精进 Right mindfulness正念 Right meditation正定 ;Buddhistic world view: In order to find enlightenment within oneself, must through concentration and meditation. The nature of all things, good or bad, which are always changing. Thus, we must learn to let go of the things of the universe in order to be content. Karma(deeds) sets the tone for ethical standards. Each individual (not supernatural power) decides his or her karma. Buddhism is directed to individual. Buddhism see a world view more concerned with humanism and the art of living daily life. ;; 1) A Mechanistic View机械论观点 a. The mechanistic world view shows itself in a number of ways. According to Hobbes and Bacon, Westerners have held that reasoning is humankind’s “highest faculty and achievement”. b. The Western mechanistic w