美国文学 Pound.ppt

Haiku by Kobayashi Issa小林一茶 The world of dewis the world of dew.And yet, and yet— Reflectedin the dragonflys eye --mountains. Don‘t kill!The fly is asking youTo save his lifeBy rubbing his hands together. Imagism (1900-1910s) Ezra Pound (1885—1972) Historical Background WWI was the biggest event of the time. People went into it with extreme enthusiasm, inspired by the ideal of making the world safe for democracy. There was a tremendous disillusionment because nothing had changed. There was a popular contempt for the law. A loss of faith began with Darwin’s theories of evolution. Imagism: a Definition It is a movement in American and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. It grew out of the Symbolist Movement in 1912 and was initially led by Ezra Pound, Amy Lowell, and others. Image: T. E. Hulme: The image must enable one “to dwell and linger upon a point of excitement, to achieve the impossible and convert a point into a line”. Ezra Pound: An image is “that which presents an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time”. Richard Aldington: The exact word must bring the effect of the object before the reader as it had presented itself to the poet’s mind at the time of writing. Imagism: its development 1. 1908—1909 T. E. Hulme founded a Poets’ Club in 1908. The most effective means to express the momentary impressions is through “the use of one dominant image”. 2. 1912—1914 Ezra Pound took over the movement. In 1912, they published Des Imagistes. a. Direct treatment of the “thing”, whether subjective or objective; b. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation; c. As regarding rhythm, to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of a metronome. Pounds