翻译综合及翻译理论典型题详解.doc

4.2 翻译综合及翻译理论典型题详解 题1. Fill in the blanks in the following sentences. 1．严复在《天演论·译例言》（1895）中提出：译事三难 。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。 2．Six guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation: . 3．英语重 ，汉语轻 。英语多 ，汉语少 。 英语重 ，汉语轻 。 4．用英语解释：Hypotaxis; Parataxis. 5．用汉语解释：Theme; Rheme. 参考答案： 1．信达雅 2.①Glaring errors in ECT derived from the take-it-for-granted attitude——Dictionary is indispensable. ②Mechanical reference fails the translators——Dictionary is not always so reliable. ③English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper. ④Never confine your reference to one dictionary. ⑤Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to work. ⑥Dictionaries cannot be expected to be always correct, esp. the dictionaries compiled by Chinese. 3．英语重形合，汉语重意合。英语多省略，汉语少省略。英语重时体，汉语轻时体。 4．用英语解释 Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come. Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away. 5．Theme：句子陈述的对象（即话题），谈话的出发点，它是读者从上下文或由语言外的知识得到的内容。因此，它表达的是已知信息（given information）。 Rheme：指为主体提供新信息的句子成分，是句子对陈述对象所作的陈述，即对已知事物说了些什么，它是交际的中心，叙述的目的，是读者所未知或假定读者未知的内容，因此，它表达的是未知信息（new information）。一般来说，未知信息是句子内容的重点或句子的强调点。 题2. Sentence Translation（翻译时第1和第2句时，请注意形合和意合的处理） 1．黎明即起，洒扫庭除。 2．天要下雨，娘要嫁人。 3. There are books and books. 4. It has often noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow. 5. But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too. 6. The broadcaster, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, is home to “Melrose Place’’ where stars like Heather Locklear sport thigh grazing skirts and plunging necklines. 7. You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually