托福讲义5How to write topic sentence概要1.pptVIP

Writers use topic sentences to let the readers know what to expect in the paragraph. Most topic sentences are direct statements. E.g. 1. The invention of the telephone has influenced the way we live in innumerable ways, some less obvious than others. 作者的首要任务是让读者知道所写段落要谈的是什么，这就是每段的主题句的作用，它是一段文章的概括性内容。因此主题句应该阐明段落的主要思想，所有支持主题句的细节和描述都与这一主要思想有关。 1。 主题句是一个要有概括性的叙述，不能太宽泛也不能太窄。 判定主题句 1 The discrimination against women is very obvious in the world. 2 The discrimination is especially obvious in the job market. 3 The discrimination against women began in 1910. 要注意主题的可写性 ，所定的主题不能太笼统，也不能太具体。 Example: In?Hemingway’s?story?”Soldier’s?Home,“ Krebs?tells?his?mother?that?he?wants?no?part?of?God’s?Kingdom． 这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。 Example?：?In?Hemingway’s?story?“Soldier’s?Home”，?Krebs?is?a?lonely，cynical?veteran． 这个句子可作为主题句，因为可以围绕 “lonely，cynical” 展开段落。 2 主题句不仅要有概括性还往往提出一个观点，一种意见或一种看法，从而能够进一步解释和说明。 It is not easy to achieve success in reality. Nobody is sure whether it is easy or not to achieve. Can he be successful in the future? 注意： 主题句尽量不要用疑问句或否定句。尽量用能表达观点的肯定句。 3 主题句的位置 A 位于段落的开始。主题句位于段首的好处是可以开门见山，给读者指明下文发展的方向。 B．位于段落的中间。主题句位于中间一般是告诉读者一个问题的两个方面，起到过渡句的作用。该段落的前一部分说明问题的一方面，一步步导向主题句；后一部分从主题句出发，继续阐述问题的另一方面。 C．位于段落的结尾。主题句位于段落的结尾用来总结前面所述的内容；若出现在记叙文中，主题用来对事物的评价和思考。 D．隐含在段落内容之中。这种情况主要体现在叙述和描写的段落中。叙述的段落更倾向于让读者自己发现作者所要传达的内涵；描写的段落，一般都很具体，不会再用主题句。 Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. Several years ago, a United States government study was released that linked the intake of tar and nicotine, found in cigarettes, with the development of cancer in laboratory animals. The evidence was so overwhelming that the Unites States government required cigarettes manufacturers to put a warning on the outside of each package of cigarettes, which ways, “Warning: The Surgeon General has determined that cigarettes is hazardous to your health.” Example Aside from the most serious and dreaded disease, cancer, cigarettes smoking also can aggravate or promote other health problems.