英美概况 英国历史.ppt

4. England in Revolution: representative and constitutional monarchy Divine-right European monarchs 4.1 The Civil War (Stuart House) 4.1.1 James I: rising dissention Elizabeth I died childless, the throne passed to her distant Stuart relative, James VI. Major problems Lack of money Bitter religious dissension 4.1.2 Charles I (1625-1649) Successful rebellion Involved in the wars against Spain, France and Scotland Parliament passed resolutions against illegal taxes and his religious policy Charles I dissolved Parliament and imprisoned the leaders. 4.1.3 The Civil War (1642-1649) War broke out in 1642 Cavaliers Roundheads Radicals: Puritans Moderates: presbyters and Anglicans On January 30, Charles I was beheaded. The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. Historically, the word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists, who advocated strict religious discipline along with simplification of the ceremonies and creeds of the Church of England. 4.1.4 Oliver Cromwell England now a republic called Commonwealth A dictatorship of a radical minority Lord Protector 4.2 The Glorious Revolution (1688-1689) The Restoration (1660-1688): the monarchy returns William and Mary Bill of Rights Bill of Rights The famous document summarizes the constitutional practices advocated by Parliament in the Stuart Era, which approximates a written constitution, for it states the essential principles of parliamentary supremacy, control of money, and frequent, regular meetings of Parliament. 5. England in the 18th century: the age of reason (Hanoverian House) 5.1 George I: emergence of the prime minister King’s absence-- one Cabinet member took the leading role—Robert Walpole 5.2 George II: also preferred Germany over England 5.3 George