英语语言学第六章 language and Cognition.ppt

Chapter SixLanguage and Cognition 1. What is Cognition? Mental processes of an individual, information processing Mental process or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. Three approaches to the study of language and cognition: The formal approach: addresses the structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. The psychological approach: looks at language from the perspective of general cognitive systems ranging from perception, memory, attention to reasoning. PSYCHOLOGICAL LINGUISTICS 心理语言学 The conceptual approach: addresses how language structures (processes patterns) conceptual content. COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS 认知语言学 2. Psycholinguistics Psychological aspects of language Psychological states and mental activity with the use of language Six subjects of research Language acquisition (L1 / L2) Language comprehension Language production Language disorders Language and Thought Neurocognition 2.1 Language Acquisition Language acquisition: one of the central topics in psycholinguistics Learning a first language is sth every child does successfully, in a matter of a few years without the need for formal lessons. Holophrastic stage (from two months to a year) Acquisition of language’s sound patterns The control of speech musculature and sensitivity to phonetic distinctions in parents’ language. One-word stage: objects, actions, motions, routines. Two-word stage Around 18 months, language changes in 2 ways Vocabulary growth increases Primitive syntax begins with 2 words strings like all dry no pee These sequences reflect the language being acquired: in 95% of them, the words are properly ordered. Three-word-utterance stage Give doggie paper. Put truck window. Look like samples from longer potential sentences expressing a complete and more complicated idea. These strings contain all of the components in the correct order. Fluent grammatical conversation stage Embed one constituent i