软件设计原则(第二部分).ppt

Software Design Principle Introduction Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) Open Closed Principle (OCP) Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) Least Knowledge Principle (LKP) Software Design Principle Introduction Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) Open Closed Principle (OCP) Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP) Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) Interface Segregation Principle (ISP) Least Knowledge Principle (LKP) Barbara Liskov The first woman in the United States to be awarded a Ph.D. from a computer science department In 1968, Stanford University She received 2008 Turing Award from the ACM for her work in the design of programming languages and software methodology that led to the development of object-oriented programming ACM: Association for Computing Machinery The Turing Award The highest distinction in Computer Science The Nobel Prize of computing Definition Design by contract Behavioral subtyping Let q(x) be a property provable about objects x of type T. Then q(y) should be true for objects y of type S where S is a subtype of T. Subtype A subtype is a datatype that is related to another datatype (the supertype) by some notion of substitutability Program constructs written to operate on elements of the supertype can also operate on elements of the subtype Typical program construct: subroutines, functions, methods Polymorphism in object-oriented programming language Subtyping relation is a relation on types On specification level More abstractly, on concepts Subclass A subclass is a class that inherits some properties from its superclass A subclass is an extension of its superclass A subclass reuses the properties or services of its superclass Subclass relation is a relation on implementation level superclass, base class, or parent class child classes, derived classes, or subclasses The principles (1) standard requirements on signatures Contravariance of method arguments