三组常考关系代词的辨析.docVIP

三组常考关系代词的辨析编者按：定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法，但同学们在运用它的过程中会出现较多的失误，其主要原因在于同学们在学习过程中对一些细节掌握得不够好。本期文章着眼于关系代词和关系副词的选取以及非限制性定语从句的疑难点，以解决同学们在学习定语从句的过程中遇到的实际问题 定语从句是高中英语的一个常考点。XX年高考对这一知识点进行考查的所有题都是考查对关系词的辨析与选择。同学们经常混淆关系代词that和which，as和which以及who和whom的适用范围。希望本文能帮助同学们掌握这三组常考的关系代词 一、which和that 1.which和that均可指物，其中that也可指人，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。具体如下表： 2.宜用that而不宜用which的情况 （1）先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much等不定代词时。如： Finally，the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 最后那个小偷把他偷的所有东西都交给了警察 （2）先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much等不定代词修饰时。如： Please send us any information that you have about the subject. 请将你所有关于那个主题的信息发给我们 （3）先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。如： Thats the most expensive hotel that we’ve ever stayed in. 这是我们住过的最贵的宾馆 （4）先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时。如： This is the very book that I want to find. 这就是我想要找的那本书 （5）先行词既有人又有物时。如： They talked for about an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的在学校的那些人和事，谈了大约一个小时 （6）先行词是who或which引导的主句时。如： Which is the car that killed the little girl？ 是哪一辆车撞死了那个小女孩？ （7）主句为there be 句型时。如： There are more than 200，000 people that died or were injured in the earthquake. 那次地震死伤人数超过了20万人 例1 In this factory I saw little ____ was different from ours. A. which B. what C. where D. that 解析 答案为D。先行词为little，因此用that，不用which 例2 Lets discuss the only question _____ we are interested in. A. which B. that C. as D. about which 解析 答案为B。先行词被the only修饰，因此用that，不用which 3.只用which不用that的情况 （1）关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语时。如： The school in which his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 他母亲任教的那所学校在城市的西边 （2）从句为非限制性定语从句时，which既可以指代先行词，也可以指代前面整个句子的内容。如： My watch，which is very old，stopped again. 我的手表很旧了，又停了 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，which，of course，made all the others upset. 玛丽对杰克比对其他人要好，这当然让其他人感到不舒服 例3 A dictionary is a book _____ one can find out the meaning of words. A. which B. in that