茄科枯萎病的发生特点及病原菌的分离鉴定.docVIP

茄科枯萎病的发生特点及病原菌的分离鉴定 杨莹莹1，2，刘波2*，肖荣凤2，朱磊2 （1.福州大学生物科学与工程学院，福建 福州 350008；2.福建省农业科学院农业生物资源研究所，福建 福州 350003） 摘 要：调查了福建省番茄、茄子、辣椒等3种主要茄科枯萎病的发生与症状，通过常规分离，依据Booth鉴定和分子鉴定相结合合的方法，对这3种茄科作物上采集的40个菌株进行了病原菌鉴定。结果表明，40株镰刀菌中有35株属于尖孢镰刀菌，占总数的87.5 %，为优势菌群；3株为串珠镰刀菌，另2株为茄形镰刀菌。其中番茄、茄子和辣椒上分离尖孢镰刀菌数量分别占镰刀菌总数的92.86%、71.43%和89.47%。进一步利用Koch氏法则进行致病性检测结果表明，尖孢镰刀菌是本研究所采集的茄科作物病株的病原菌，而3株串珠镰刀菌和2株茄形镰刀菌均不造成寄主植物发病。 关键词：茄科；枯萎病；鉴定；致病性 Occurrence CharacteristicsPathogen Identification of Fusarium Wilt from the Solanaceae Crops Yang Yingying1,2, Liu Bo2*, Xiao Rongfeng2, Zhu Lei2 （1. College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou Fujian 350008 , China ; 2. Institute of Agrobiological Resource , Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fuzhou Fujian 350003 , China ） Abstract: The occurrence characteristics and symptoms of Fusariumilt from the solanaceae crops were investigated and the symptomatic plants from tomatoes, eggplants and peppers were collected in Fujian Province. Forty isolates were obtained and identified by Booths method and molecular identification method. The results showed that thirty-five isolates were Fusarium oxysproum which was a main pathogen and the rate was 87.5 %, three isolates were F. moniliforme and two isolates were F.solani. The occurrence rate of F. oxysproum strains from tomatoes, eggplants and peppers were 92.86%、71.43%和89.47%. And, the results of pathogenicity testing confirmed that F. oxysproum were pathogen which caused wilt disease of the solanaceae wilt，however, three isolates of F. moniliforme and two isolates of F.solani did not caused the wilt symptoms of host. Keywords: Solanaceae crops; Fusarium oxysproum ; identification; pathogenicity 全世界茄科植物大约80属3000种，分布范围广泛，遍及温带、热带地区；我国有24属105种35变种（黄文静等，2009）。茄科作物中的茄子、辣椒、番茄、马铃薯等在蔬菜中占有重要地位，是百姓生活中必不可少的蔬菜美食 （邹蓉等，2009）。目前，造成茄科作物萎蔫的病主要有3种，分别为真菌性的枯萎病、黄萎病和细菌性青枯病（姜芃，2011；林密，1996）。其中由尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxysporum）引起的枯萎病，在南方地区对茄科作物危害最大，防治困难，造成重大经济损失（田连生等，2002）。番茄枯萎病自本世纪初发现以来，在世界上大部分国家均有发生（Jarvis W R，1978；Sato R，19