冻土退化对大小兴安岭沼泽湿地植物细根生产和周转的 - scholarmate.doc

冻土退化对大小兴安岭沼泽湿地植物细根的影响1） 摘要 对大小兴安岭沼泽湿地进行取样，研究研究结果表明不连续多年冻土区（友好）的细根连续多年冻土区（图强）不连续多年冻土区（友好）细根连续多年冻土区（图强）细根 关键词 冻土退化The effect of permafrost degradation on fine root morphology of marsh wetland in?the?da xing an ling and xiao xing an ling district. Sun Yue Crop Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin 300384, China Fine root morphology of marsh wetland across different seasons and different soil depth were measured by soil core methods in?the?da xing an ling and xiao xing an ling district. Fine root diameter and length in the discontinuous?permafrost?zone was higher than the continuous?permafrost?zone. Root length density in the discontinuous?permafrost?zone is lower than the continuous?permafrost?zone. Fine root diameter and length were significantly positively related with soil temperature, moisture, total N, soil microbial biomass C, microbial quotient, soluble organic carbon, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. However, root length density was significantly positively related with soil temperature, moisture, total N, soil microbial biomass C, microbial quotient, soluble organic carbon, ammonium and nitrate nitrogen. Keywords permafrost degradation; Da xiao xingan mountain; marsh wetland; fine root; morphology 细根传统上被定义为 2mm、结构和功能。然而越来越多的证据表明细根是位于不同位置的无数根段复杂的分支网络Pregitzer et al . 1997）。例如高根相比根直径更长度（SRL）有较高的组织N浓度和呼吸率Pregitzer et al . 1998）。此外最近的解剖学研究表明（Eissenstat and Achor 1999, Pregitzer et al. 2002, Hishi and Takeda 2005, Hishi 2007, Guo et al. 2008a）因此根形态和解剖学研究对于理解根系的功能重要。细根形态是由物种和个体的基因决定（Harper et al. 1991）但它对许多土壤环境因素敏感。土壤养分的可用性和空间分布影响细根形态（Thaler and Pagès 1998, Hodge 2004）。和N沉降可以使土壤N有效性变化根直径和平均根长度SRL降低（Drew et al. 1973, King et al. 1997, Liu et al. 2009）。最近的研究表明细根受许多外部环境因子的影响，如土壤理化性质、土壤微生物活性等。因此，研究细根及其主要控制因子对于认识陆地生态系统具有重要意义，这已经成为国际上根系生态学研究的核心问题。北方高纬地区现有多年冻土面积22.79×106 km2，约占北半球陆地面积的23.9%，并且对气候变化最敏感，因此成为全球气候变化与C循环之间关系研究关注的热点地区。北方高纬度多年冻土区同时也是全球湿地的主要分布区，该区湿地植物的细根生产量很高，但由于冷湿环境的抑制，细根周转较慢。随着全球气候变暖，大部分多年冻土区的冻土已经开始退化（permafrost thaw），并且在未来的一个世纪，融化速度和面积都可能会进一步增加。多年冻土退化会对分布在冻土之上