分子生物学部分名词解释（Molecular biology）.doc

分子生物学部分名词解释（Molecular biology）Hypochromic effectBiochemochromic effect, in biochemistry, refers to the reduction of 260nm uv absorption in the form of a double helical structure in the form of denaturation DNA, a phenomenon called hypochromic effect.Hyperchromic effectDefinition 1: nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) molecular degenerative or broken chain, and its uv absorption value (generally measured at 260nm) increases. Applied subjects: biochemistry and molecular biology (first class); Nucleic acid and gene (secondary discipline) definition 2: the effect or property of the uv absorption value increased by the DNA or RNA in the solution in the treatment of heat and alkali. Applied discipline: genetics (first-level discipline); Molecular geneticsHalf-discontinuous replicationDefinition 1: when DNA replicates, a chain (leading chain) is continuously synthesized while the other chain (after chain) is discontinuous. Applied subjects: biochemistry and molecular biology (first class); Nucleic acids and genes (secondary disciplines) 2: double stranded DNA synthesis 5 to 3 end is continuous synthesis, and 3 to 5 end is discontinuous synthesis. Applied discipline: genetics (first-level discipline); Molecular genetics (secondary disciplines)Semiconservative replicationA replication model of double chain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), in which each single strand is used as a template for the new chain synthesis after the parental double chain separation. Therefore, when the replicates are completed, there will be two subgenerations of DNA molecules, each of which has the same nucleotide sequence as the parental moleculeA leading chainLeading strand: consistent with the direction of the replication fork movement, a new strand of DNA synthesized by successive 5-3 - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -After with chainIn the process of DNA replication, a template chain is 3 to 5, and the DNA can be synthesized in 5 to 3 to become the leadi