癫痫症(羊吊)Epilepsy.pptVIP

癲癇症(羊吊) Epilepsy 反覆發作之全身或肢体抽搐，同時可伴有意識的喪失 sudden excessive discharge in the brain 分類 Grandmal 大發作 Petitmal 失神小發作 Infantile spasm 嬰兒痙攣症 Myoclonic seizure 肌陣攣 原因 Congenital malformation of the brain 先天性腦 發育不全 Perinatal asphyxia 圍產期腦缺氧 CNS infection 腦炎，腦膜炎 Trauma Idiopathic 原因不明 Incidence of epilepsy New cases identified each year: 120 cases per 100,000 population Highest in first decade of life 檢驗 Blood electrolytes Electroencephalogram (EEG) 腦電圖 Computerized tomography CT scan 電腦掃描 MRI 核磁共振 Treatment Anticonvulsant 抗癲癇葯物 Avoid strong flashing light Psychological counseling Side effects of anticonvulsant bone marrow dpression hepatotoxity gum hypertrophy hirsutism ataxia irritability and overactivity drowsiness Management during convulsion 1. Lateral position, protect the patient from injury 2. iv or per rectum anticonvulsant Lateral position, protect the patient from injury Febrile convulsion Occurs in children 6 months to 6 years old Hereditary factors Normal intelligence Management of fever Antipyretics Luke warm water bath Plenty fluid intake Sleepingwalking Wander during deep sleep Most often occurs in children 4 to15 years old No known cause, normal EEG Usually starts 1 to 2 hours after going to sleep and may walk around for 5 to 20 min. Spontaneous improvement in adolescent age Appearance during sleepwalking Cannot be awakened during sleepwalking Eyes are open, but staring blankly Not as well coordinated as when awake May perform semipurposeful acts such as dressing and undressing Night Terrors Often hereditary Usually not caused by psychological stress Normal EEG during attack Exhaustion can trigger night terrors Usually occur in children under 8 years old In the morning, the child cannot remember what happened Management Gently lead the patient back to bed Protect the patient from accident Help the patient to avoid exhaustion during the day Try prompt awakenings to prevent sleepwalking Epilepsy 1 mental retardation Mental retardation Cla