圆和非圆复合轨迹的三轴数控装备几何运动误差检测新方法.pdfVIP

第 48 卷第 16 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.48 No.16 2 0 1 2 年 8 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Aug. 2 0 1 2 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2012.16.001 基于圆和非圆复合轨迹的三轴数控装备 几何运动误差检测新方法* 杜正春 杨 帆 (上海交通大学机械工程与动力学院 上海 200030) 摘要：针对三轴数控装备，综合考量现有方法的特点，提出一种基于圆和非圆(直线、折线)复合轨迹的几何运动误差检测新 方法。根据多体系统理论，运用齐次坐标变换方法建立误差模型，通过检测三个坐标平面内直线(折线)运动轨迹精度得到包 括位置误差、直线度、垂直度在内的 12 项直线性误差，再通过三个坐标平面内检测圆运动轨迹精度，依次辨识得到 9 项角 偏误差，从而实现三轴机床全部 21 项几何运动误差的检测。根据该方法，分析在不同测量顺序下各坐标平面内角偏误差的 解算情况，据此总结出 8 种可行的角偏误差辨识方案。基于平面光栅的检测试验在 2 h 内便可完成，试验结果证明该方法的 可行性和高效性。 关键词：复合轨迹 几何运动误差 精密检测 数控机床 中图分类号：TG161 New Measuring Method for Motion Accuracy of 3-axis Numerical Control Equipments Based on Composite Trajectory of Circle and Non-circle DU Zhengchun YANG Fan (School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030) Abstract ：In consideration of the disadvantages of traditional measuring methods, a new measuring method for motion accuracy of 3-axis numerical control equipments based on composite trajectory including circle and non-circle (straight line, polygonal line) by using cross grid encoder is proposed. The principles and techniques of the new measuring method are discussed in detail. 8 feasible measuring strategies based on different measuring sequences are summarized. The optimized strategy is carried out in the 3-axis CNC vertical machining center Cincinnati 750 arrow by using cross grid encoder. The whole measuring time of 21 error components of the new method is cut down to 1-2 h because of easy installation, adjustment, operation and the characteristics of non-contact measurement. Result shows that the new method is suitable for on machine measurement and has good prospects of wide appl