组培方法和定义的建立阶段1930-1939年.ppt

Micropropagation generation of genetically identical plants Steps of Micropropagation Stage 0 – Selection preparation of the mother plant sterilization of the plant tissue takes place Stage I ?- Initiation of culture explant placed into growth media Stage II - Multiplication explant transferred to shoot media; shoots can be constantly divided Stage III - Rooting explant transferred to root media Stage IV - Transfer to soil explant returned to soil; hardened off 马铃薯试管种快繁 Strawberry micropropagation 草莓试管苗直接移栽到穴盘中 经过精心管理，获得三叶一心可以田间定植的草莓原种苗 返回 4、 Germplasm Preservation种质保存 Slow growth techniques ↓Temp., ↓Light, media supplements (osmotic inhibitors, growth retardants), tissue dehydration, etc Medium-term storage (1 to 4 years) Cryopreservation Ultra low temperatures (-196 oC) . Stops cell division metabolic processes Very long-term (indefinite?) 三、组织培养的发展简史 探索阶段（1902-1929年） 组培方法和定义的建立阶段（1930-1939年） 细胞全能性的证实阶段（1940-1959） 组培技术和理论迅速发展阶段（1960-1979） 组培技术在生产上广泛应用阶段（1980-今） 五个阶段 探索阶段（1902-1929年） Gottlieb Haberlandt： 观点： 贡献： 提出细胞全能性 Totipotency is the ability of a plant cell to perform all the functions of development, ability to develop into a complete plant. 首次进行离体细胞培养 the first one to do in vitro cell culture 高等植物的组织和器官可以分割成单个细胞tissue or organs of higher plants can be separated into single cells 首次进行离体细胞培养 Haberlandt reported culture of isolated single palisade cells from leaves in Knops salt solution enriched with sucrose. The cells remained alive for up to 1 month, increased in size, accumulated starch but failed to divide. Efforts to demonstrate totipotency led to the development of techniques for cultivation of plant cells under defined conditions.  小野芝麻和凤眼兰的栅栏细胞和虎眼万年青属表皮细胞 无分裂 细胞高度分化+培养基中无生长激素 Highly differentiated, no growth regulators Knop+蔗糖 《关于单离植物细胞培养实验》 我愿意指出：在我的培养实验中，虽然经常观察到细胞的明显生长，但从未观察到细胞分裂。发现单细胞培养的条件，将是未来培养试验的难题。在未来，人们可以成功地从营养细胞培养出人工胚。 1904年：Hanning胚培养：培养萝卜和辣根菜的胚，得到植株 1922年：Kotte和Robbins根培养 1925年：Laibach亚麻种间杂交幼胚培养得到杂种interspecif