学术积累与论文写作.ppt

学术积累与论文写作 上海外国语大学英语学院 査明建 本讲座内容简介 讨论以下议题： 学术积累的广博与专精（博与约）之关系 如何发现有价值的选题 问题意识与课题的发现 如何理解“学术创新” 研究范围与论题的确定 理论的运用与论文的理论深度 论述结构的逻辑性与论述的思辨力量 个人性情、才具与研究领域的确定 博学家与专家 英国哲学家伊塞亚·柏林(Isaiah Berlin)将学者划分为两种类型：刺猬型和狐狸型。 “刺猬型”的学者只对自己关心的问题感兴趣，也总会对这一问题构造出一个严密的理论体系； “狐狸型”的学者则对任何问题都感兴趣，他无意构造一个严密的理论体系，而是广泛涉猎，体现出一种发散型思维特征。 狐狸型、刺猬型兼具的大学者：亚里斯多德、王国维、梁启超、钱锺书、吴兴华 “才情学识谁兼具，新旧中西子竟通。”——吴宓先生赠予钱锺书诗句 博而后专：教学、治学之必需 博览、广泛的积累才可能有所新的发现 “无专精则不能成，无涉猎则不能通也。”（不专心精读一门就不能成就，不博览群书就不能旁通。）——清·梁启超《读书分月课程》 Robert Frost：“Poetry is what gets lost in translation.” 余光中《乡愁》及其英译的“诗味”比较 余光中：《乡愁》 小时侯 乡愁是一枚小小的邮票 我在这头 母亲在那头 长大后 乡愁是一张窄窄的船票 我在这头 新娘在那头 后来呵 乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓 我在外头 母亲呵在里头 而现在 乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡 我在这头 大陆在那头 When I was a child My nostalgia was a little stamp I was here Mother was there When I grew up My nostalgia was a small ship ticket I was here My bride was there Later on My nostalgia was a low grave I was outside Mother was inside Now My nostalgia is a narrow strait I am on this side Mainland is on other side Shakespeare: Othello Act V, Scene 2  A bedchamber in the castle Desdemona in bed asleep; a light burning.[Enter Othello] Othello. It is the cause, it is the cause, my soul,—Let me not name it to you, you chaste stars!—It is the cause. Yet Ill not shed her blood; Nor scar that whiter skin of hers than snow, And smooth as monumental alabaster. Yet she must die, else shell betray more men. Put out the light, and then put out the light: If I quench thee, thou flaming minister, I can again thy former light restore, should I repent me: but once put out thy light, Thou cunningst pattern of excelling nature, I know not where is that Promethean heat that can thy light relume. When I have pluckd the rose, I cannot give it vital growth again. It must needs wither: Ill smell it on the tree. [Kissing her] Ah balmy breath, that dost almost persuade Justice to break her sword! One more, one more. Be thus when thou art dead, and I will kill thee, And lo