11 大型蚤，麦格纳.pdfVIP

ARTICLE IN PRESS Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 69 (2008) 428–436 /locate/ecoenv Mixture toxicity of three toxicants with similar and dissimilar modes of action to Daphnia magna a,1 b,,1 a c a Kristian Syberg , Anders Elleby , Henrik Pedersen , Nina Cedergreen , Valery E. Forbes aDepartment of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark bDepartment of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860 Søborg, Denmark c ˚ ´ Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegard Alle 13, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark Received 23 May 2006; received in revised form 9 March 2007; accepted 3 May 2007 Available online 12 July 2007 Abstract Mixture toxicity of similar- and dissimilar-acting toxicants can be predicted by the models concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) using single substance toxicity data. Knowledge of the toxicants mode of action is thus required in order to use the models. In order to test the predictive capability of the models, we conducted Daphnia magna 48 h immobilization experiments with three toxicants with known modes of action (dimethoate, pirimicarb and lin