工程地质学（Engineering geology）.doc

工程地质学（Engineering geology） 1. Noun interpretation: 1. Rock: an assemblage of minerals naturally composed of one or several minerals under certain geological conditions. 2. Minerals: natural elements and compounds in the earths crust that have certain chemical and physical properties. Its called a mineral. 3. Orogenic minerals: minerals that make up rocks, called orogenic minerals. 4. The structure of magmatic rocks refers to the degree of crystallization of the minerals that make up the rocks, the size, shape and the combination of the grains. There are 1. Total crystalline structure, 2. Semi-crystalline structure, 3. Amorphous structure. The structure of magmatic rocks refers to the combination of minerals in rocks and spatial distribution. 1. Block structure, 2. Flow striatum structure, 3. Stomatal structure, 4. Amygdaloid structure Absolute age: refers to the formation of rocks that make up the earths crust from formation to the present age. It can explain the exact time of formation of rock formation and cannot reflect the geological process of formation of rock formation. 7. Relative geological time: it can be explained that the sequence of formation of rock formations and their relative new and old relationships do not indicate the age of formation. In geological work, it is generally used in relative geological time. 8. Geological tectonics: structural changes that have been left over in rock formations and rocks, called geological structures. 9. Fold structure: the formation of strata in the earths crust, which is strongly influenced by tectonic stress, causes the formation of rock formations to form a series of wavy curves without losing their continuous structure, known as fold tectonics. 10. The fracture structure: composition of the earths crust rock mass, the interaction between the stress and deformation, when the deformation after reaching a certain degree, the continuity and integrity of rock mass is destroyed, produce various sizes of fracture, know