环境监测双语.docVIP

Chapter One Introduction 绪论 1.1 The Environment and Environmental Monitoring 1.1 环境和环境监测 1.1.1 The Environment 1.1.1环境 Numerous natural cycles of the earth’s environment have been studied within the framework of three major scientific disciplines: chemistry, physics, and biology. 1.1.2 Environmental Monitoring 1.1.2环境监测 定义：Environmental monitoring is the observation (观察；监视)and study （研究）of the environment. 目的：Objective(客观的) observations sound（合理的） data, valuable（有价值的） information an enhanced（深入的） understanding of the problem/situation making informed（明智的） decisions. However, it is important to understand that other factors, including political, economic, and social factors, influence decision making. Environmental scientists require skills in basic sciences such as chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, statistics, and computer science. Section 1.2 Purposes and Types of Environmental Monitoring 1.2 环境监测的目的及类型 1.2.1 Purposes of Environmental Monitoring 1.2.1 环境监测的目的 环境监测结果既可以为环境影响评价提供依据，同时也可以监测人类活动对自然环境产生的有害影响。 1.2.2 Types of Environmental Monitoring 1.2.2 环境监测的类型 Baseline Monitoring(基准监测) A survey should be conducted on basic environmental parameters in the area surrounding the proposed project before construction begins (pre-audit study). 基准监测就是在建筑物建筑之前对周围的环境参数进行监测。 Impact Monitoring(影响监测) The biophysical and socio-economical (including public health) parameters within the project area, must be measured during the project construction and operational phases in order to detect environmental changes, which may have occurred as a result of project implementation. 影响监测就是在设计和施工阶段，对目标区域上的各种物理参数及社会经济参数的测定。 Compliance Monitoring(例行监测) This form of monitoring employs a periodic (定期的)sampling method, or continuous recording of specific environmental quality indicators or pollution levels to ensure project compliance(符合) with recommended environmental protection standards. 例行监测就是为了保证有关项目符合环境标准，需要对指定的项目进行定期的、长时间的监测。 Section 1.3 Param