地球自形成以来已经历了46 亿多年,地球上有生命的历史至少可追溯到 .docVIP

生命进化对称性的数理模型 李四维 （南京大学生物技术系 2004级 210093 南京） 摘要： 首先通过物理系统分析了结构对称与能量最小之间的关系,在此基础上解释了动物体形结构的对称性,并认为动物体形结构的对称性是在进化过程由“最小能量原理”决定的。通过核苷酸的二进制数字编码，并根据对称变换分析4 种核苷酸的二进制数字编码与对称性之间密切关系。根据氨基酸遗传密码子的简并程度并以分子量(Mw)及等电点(pI)作为氨基酸的化学特性坐标,作出其二维集合MP分类图，根据氨基酸的分类分析,可以认为:高简并度(对称性高)氨基酸多数是脂烃类和羟脂烃类的氨基酸,分子量比较小,分子结构比较简单,大部分为疏水性, 主要组成跨膜结构或蛋白质的结构域, 可能是出现较早的氨基酸; 而低简并度（对称性低）的氨基酸,分子结构比较复杂,分子量比较大,多数是和蛋白质功能有密切联系的基团,可能是进化出现较晚的结构。最后对数字生物学的意义进行了简要分析和讨论。 关键词： 对称性; 最小能量原理; 对称变换; 遗传密码简并度; 分子对称；数字生物学 Mathematical and Physical Model on Symmetry of The Creature Evolution Li Siwei (Department of Biochemistry, Nanjing University，Nanjing 210093) Abstract: Two actually physical systems are firstly analyzed in this paper. The relation between the structure symmetry and the minimum energy is then shown. On the basis, we analyze and explain the symmetry of body structure of animals ,and think that the symmetry of body structure of animals is determined by the principle of minimum energy. The 4 nucleotides of DNA sequences can be further encoded with two - bit digits in which t he first bit is the base bit to encode purines and pyrimidines and the second bit is the functional group bit to encode the keto group and amino group. According to the degree of degeneracy of genetic codes and the two dimension distribution of molecular weights (Mw) and isoelectricpoints ( pI) of amino acids , a set of classification graph(Venn’ s diagram) of amino acids can be obtained. It is suggested that the amino acids of high degenerate group are mostly small and simple, and constitute the transmembranic structure or the structural domains of protein molecules. So amino acids of high degenerate group might appear in the early evolution stage. On the other hand , the amino acids of low de generate group are rather large and complex , and ultimately correlate to the functional domains of protein molecules , then , the amino acids of low degenerate group might appear more lately during evolution. Key words : Symmetry ; Princ