Anatomical changes and evolutionary trends in the foliar epidermis of extant and fossil Euro-Mediterranean oaks (Fagaceae)：（叶表皮的解剖学变化和进化趋势现存和化石-地中海合作橡树(壳斗科)）.pdfVIP

--Plant mmh Systematics and Evolution © Springer-Verlag 1997 Printed in Austria Anatomical changes and evolutionary trends in the foliar epidermis of extant and fossil Euro-Mediterranean oaks (Fagaceae) K. UZUNOVA,E. PALAMAREV,and F. EHRENDORFER Received January 12, 1995; in revised version June 7, 1996 Key words: Fagaceae,Quercus. Epidermis characters, fossil and extant taxa, evolutionary trends. Abstract: The differentiation of foliar epidermis structures, cuticles, stomata, and indumen- turn of most of the extant Euro-Mediterranean taxa of Quercushave been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy, and compared with other genera and fossil material. Results allow the recognition of the subgg. Sclerophyllodrys, Cerris and Quercus, and of various sections and even individual species. The cyclocytic stomata type, regarded as plesiomorphic, is found in the geologically oldest representatives of the familiy (DryophylIum, resp. Eotrigonobalanus) and in the relatively old, evergreen to semi-evergreen species of Quercussubgg. Sclerophyllodrysand Cerris.These taxa also have relatively thick and smooth cuticles. Anomocytic stomata, thinner cuticles and the presence of crystalline wax flakes are regarded as apomorphic features and characterize the deciduous taxa ofsubg. Quercus.These changes are interpreted as ecological adaptations to the changing climates from the Tert