金属的负价（Negative metal）.docVIP

金属的负价（Negative metal） Does metal have a negative price? The answer is no doubt. And negative metals exist in various forms in different species, systems and molecules. If you want to make a hard class, you can roughly divide it into several different negative metal species: 1. Free negative metal cluster ions, such as [Pb9] 4 2. Free negative metal ions, such as Au -, Na - 3. Ligand (carbonyl) metal anion, such as [Co (Co) 4]? , 4. The ligands (carbonyl) metal cluster negative ions, such as [Mo2 (CO] 10] 2 - 5. The metal parts are alloy with negative valence, such as Mg2Pb, MgCu2 Lets draw a picture of what the relationship is: Some of these structures are freehand drawings, which are not allowed, but they can be used for reference. In the next few buildings, I will briefly introduce the various negative metal species. | First, we will make a general overview of the total - - - - - total pattern: So why is it generally accepted that metal atoms cannot form a negative species? One of the main reasons is that the electronic affinity of the metal is too low (defined as X - + Ea = = X + e -). For example, lithium: electron affinity 60kj/mol, potassium, electron affinity, 48Kj/mol. All in all, it looks like a metal atom doesnt seem to be very pro-electronic. But there are exceptions: Kims electron affinity can be as high as 223Kj/mol, higher than the 200kj/mol of the non-metallic sulfur -- so thats not nonsense. This is exactly the free negative metal ion Au that we mentioned in the previous catalogue. Well explain in detail why its so pro-electron. In other words, for the part of the metal atoms, it can form a negative ion innate reason is due to its structural characteristics it has no negative electron affinity, leading to the formation of free negative valence metal ions 】 【 is not difficult. (Na - is an exception, and these are all metal anions - crown ether metal cation salts, which are also discussed in the next section) So what about the metals that are electroni