初一地理上册知识点地球和地图（First geography earth and maps）.docVIP

初一地理上册知识点地球和地图（First geography earth and maps） Chapter 1 earth and map Section 1 earth and globe 1. Know the shape and size of the earth 1. The process of human understanding of the earth: the celestial circle and the rarr; The sky is like a hat. Magellan led the fleet around the earth a week. Earth satellite photos. 2. Earth shape: 1519 ~ 1522 the Magellan fleet completed the global journey confirming that the earth was a sphere, and that he was an irregular sphere with a flat surface of the equatorial bulge. 3. Earths size: The polar radius of the earth: 6357 km Earths equatorial radius: 6378 kilometers Earths average radius: 6371 km The largest circumference of the earth: about 40,000 kilometers Earths surface area: 551 million square kilometers Ii. Model of the earth mdash; A globe 1. Globe: people imitate the shape of the earth and shrink it to a certain proportion, making models of the earth. The globe. People use different colors, symbols and words to represent the shape and name of the geography of land, sea, mountain, river, country and city. 2. Function: the globe can help us to know the face of the earth and understand the distribution of various geographical objects on the earths surface. The latitude and longitude lines 1. The filling line: the circle which is perpendicular to the earth axis and circles the earth for a week. All weft is not equal, the longest parallel is the equator, indicating the direction of things. 2. Meridian: a semicircle that connects the north and south poles and intersects the equator vertically. (all of the meridian length is equal, and just north and south direction, the coil must be corresponding to the two warp, namely two warp degree and is 180 deg;, and divide the earth into two equal semicircle. Longitude and latitude: in order to distinguish between the meridians and the weft, people give different degrees of latitude and longitude. 4. Division of objects: 0 deg; The longitude line (that is, the prime meridian) is th