大学英语Ctest07.pptVIP

网络教育公共基础课 大 学 英 语 四川农业大学 夏新蓉 大学英语（C）Test 1 Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(阅读理解） Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure Part Ⅳ Cloze（完型填空） Part V Writing（作文） Passage 1(continued) Training a dog to be watchdog(n.看门狗, 监察人(员), 监督人(员)) often produces unexpected results. Some dogs quickly learn the difference between unwanted people and friends. This is because their masters welcome friends and invite them into their houses. However, some dogs will always attack the postmen who comes to deliver letters. One explanation for this behavior is that although the postman comes to the house often, he never enters the house. Therefore, the dog thinks the postman is someone who is not wanted, but keeps coming back anyway. Masters of dogs who attack postman can easily show the dog that the postman is a friend and that the dog does not need to treat him as an unwanted person. A dog is quite ready to do what his master wishes. And a dog is always happy when he is praised for understanding correctly. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句　　1．二者差异比较　　限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。　　2．关系代词和关系副词的选择依据　　(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语．宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。　　3.　先行词与定语从句隔离　　定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：　　1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..　　2) He was the only person in this country who was invited As\which在定语从句中的用法　　1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句　 （１）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。　 （２）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.　 （３）the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。　　2．As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置　　as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，可替代前面或后面的短语及句子;但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后,替代前面,的短语及句子。例如：　　(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.　　(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 含蓄虚拟条件句 ??? 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示