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The Modals as Pragmatic Softening Devices: Evidence From Late Modern English Grammar and Manner Books
JournalofLiteratureandArtStudies,ISSN 2159—5836
August2013,Vo1.3,No.8,518·524
a LIS i.-ilN每
TheM odalsasPragmaticSofteningDevices:EvidenceFrom
LateModem EnglishGrammarandMannerBooks
HiroshiObara
Freelance,Tokyo,Japan
Inthisresearch,theauthorconsiderstheevidenceprovidedbyacorpusofLateModern Englishgrammarsforour
understandingofthedevelopmentofthemodalsaspolitenessmarkers.Itispossibletoseehow themodalsand
theiraccompaniedsensesareexplainedinanofficialfandoReneitherprescriptiveorproscriptive)perspective.
Thisisanotheraspectwhichcannotbeascertainedfrom theusagebasedoncoprorawhichseem tobepopularas
sourcesofevidenceinhistoricalpragmatics.Inthissense,thisresearchbringssomenovelperspectivetothisaspect
ofacademicstudy.Itispossibletonoticethatthesignificationsinvolvesconceptorsenseswhichextendacrossa
semantic-- pragmaticdomainwhichincludespoliteness.W ecanseethatcertainsofteningsensesarekeyelements
tomarkpoliteusage.Themaindatausedcomefrom thedescriptionsofthemodalauxiliaryverbinacoprusof
grammarbooksfrom theperiod.Usageandmannerbooksarealsoconsultedasasecondaryresource.Themanner
bookinparticularisquitehelpfulforourunderstandingofhow linguisticpolitenesswasregardedatthetime.Such
textsalsohelpustofindacertainnetworkofsenseswhicharerelatedtopoliteexpressions.
Keywords.modals,networkofsenses,historicaldevelopment,politenessexpression
IntrOductiOn
Itisnotanexaggerationtosaythat,inJapan,theEnglishmodalsaretaughtasiftheyarealmostequaltothe
termsofrespect(ascitedinHoriguchi,2001).However,itisalsotruethatoftenthemodalsarenotregardedas
theexpressionofpolitenesswhenthetermsarebeingu
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