水事活动对洪湖鱼类资源的生态影响.pdfVIP

第1 9卷第1期 水资源与水工程学报 V01．19 No．1 2 0 0 8年 2月 Journal of Water Resources＆Water Engineering Feb．，2OO8 水事活动对洪湖鱼类资源的生态影响 朱明勇 ，王学雷 ，宁龙梅 (1．中国科学院武汉植物园，湖北 武汉 430074；2．中国科学院测量与地球物理所，湖北 武汉 430077) 摘 要：长江中游两岸绝大多数湖泊自20世纪5O年代以来因水利工程建设，先后失去与长江的天然联系而产生一系 列的生态问题。以洪湖为例开展江湖阻隔对单个湖泊鱼类资源所产生的生态影响进行研究，结果表明：江湖阻隔导致湖 泊渔业生产经营方式改变，野生渔业的产量和在渔业经济结构中的比重不断降低；阻隔后湖泊鱼类品种由2O世纪5O年 代的不下100种下降到现在的49种，其中，天然捕捞渔获物中洄游性和流水型鱼类比重由2O世纪5O年代初的6O 降 到现在几近为0，大型经济鱼类减少，鱼类多样性指数下降。因此，江湖阻隔对湖泊渔业具有明显影响。 关键词；江湖阻隔；阻隔湖泊；生态影响；洪湖 中图分类号：TV213．4；K928．43 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672—643X(2008)01—0032-04 Ecological impacts of water conservancy activity to fish resources in Honghu Lake ZHU Ming—yong ，WANG Xue—lei ，NING Long—mei (1．Wuhan Botanical Garden，CAS，Wuhan 430074；2．Institute of Geodesy and hysics，CAS，Wuhan 430077) Abstract：Most of lakes along the Yangtze River were disconnected from the river because of water project construction，which has caused many ecological problems．Here，we have carried through the demonstration study for the ecological impacts of disconnection from the river to fish resources in Honghu Lake．The results have shown that：Fishery mode changed and the rate of wild fishery pro— duction changed from 90 in 1 949 to almost zero at present；Fish species have decreased from more than 100 in 1950s to 49 or so，and the rate of migrant and potamic species decreased to as much as zero nowadays．Therefore，disconnecting lake from Yangtze had significant negative impacts on lake fish resources，which resulted in the decrease of the wild fish diversity in the lake． Key words：disconnection between lake and river；obstructed lake；ecological impacts；Honghu I ake 水利工程是人类改造自然最为典型的例子，当 为保护长江中游生态区湿地和生物多样性资 今世界上几乎所有的大小河流都不同程度地受到水 源，WWF长江项目组于2002年正式与汇丰银行合 利工程的影响