关晓薇：英汉互译实践与技巧精简版程序.ppt

英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四大类。 汉语不存在类似英语的名词性从句。 名词性从句，特别是由what, how, whether等引起的名词性从句，翻译比较困难。这些从句往往表达的是一种具体概念，如“how things stand”，实际上是表达“情况”这个概念，如照译“事情是如何站着的”就不明确，同时也违背了愿意。所以翻译这类从句时多采用概略法，也就是使从句陈述的内容明确化。这样许多情况下都需要进行概括或引申。 例1：That’s where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。 例2：My brother is not what he used to be. 我弟弟不是他以前那个样子了。/我弟弟变了。 例3：He has made what I am. 我之有今日都是他给的。 Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 1、Subject Clauses 1） Subject Clauses Introduced by Pronouns Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 2) It“ Functions as a Formal Subject It doesnt make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。 Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 2、Object Clauses I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我理所当然地认为 ，你会来跟他谈这件事的。 We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take. 关于他将走哪条路线 ，我们还没有确切的消息。 3、Predicative Clauses This is where the shoe pinches. 这就是问题的症结所在了。 Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是如其表象。 Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 4、Appositive Clauses 1） Keeping the Original Order He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again. 他表示希望能再来中国访问。 2) Converting into an Attributive Order or an Independent Clause It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。 Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 3） Using Punctuation Marks or Specific Words Punctuation marks : colon, dash ; expressions : “这样”，“这种”， “这一”，“即 But considering realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实: 我们的前景并不妙。 Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste“ material could be turned into plastics. 不久以前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变为塑料。 Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses 英语名词性从句的翻译 4） Changing into Sen