成人骨髓干细胞间质的多能生殖力.docVIP

成人骨髓幹細胞間質的多能生殖力 共同粹取細胞與幹細胞間質-以下簡稱成人多能生殖細胞(MAPCs), 在試管中, MAPCs能以單細胞層級分化為: 間質細胞, 內臟中層細胞, 神經外層細胞, 與胚胎內層細胞。若將 MAPCs注入初生囊胚中會有助各種體細胞的增生。將 MAPCs 植入 “未經輻射處理的宿主” , MAPCs除能分化為肝, 肺, 腸的上皮層, 還能分化為造血系統。 若 MAPCs 植入 “經低量輻射處理的宿主”, MAPCs分化為造血系統與腸胃道細胞增生情形更為良好。由於MAPCs廣泛的分化增殖能力, 分化力不易衰老或減弱, 在治療遺傳與退化疾病上, 為完美的細胞培養來源. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of the blastocyst that can be propagated indefinitely in an undifferentiated state. ES cells differentiate to all cell lineages in vivo and differentiate into many cell types in vitro. Although ES cells have been isolated from humans, their use in research as well as therapeutics is encumbered by ethical considerations. Stem cells also exist for most tissues, including haematopoietic, neural, gastrointestinal, epidermal, hepatic and mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with ES cells, tissue-specific stem cells have less self-renewal ability and, although they differentiate into multiple lineages, they are not pluripotent. 初生胚胎幹細胞(ES)是由多囊胚的內皮細胞衍生而成的多能細胞, 可在未分化狀態下無限增生繁殖. 初生胚胎幹細胞(ES)可在活體中與試管中各分化為各種細胞系統與細胞種類,。雖然ES 細胞已抽離人體,其於醫療與研究的利用仍受限於人道的考量。在多數組織中階能找到幹細胞蹤影,包括造血,神經,消化,表皮,肝臟,和間質幹細胞。將特定組織的幹細胞與初生胚胎幹細胞(ES)相比, 前者自我重建力較差,即使能分化為許多細胞系統,但並非多能細胞。 Until recently, it was thought that tissue-specific stem cells could only differentiate into cells of the tissue of origin; however, recent studies suggested that tissue-specific stem cells can differentiate into lineages other than the tissue of origin. After transplantation of bone marrow or enriched haematopoietic stem cells (HSC), skeletal myoblasts, cardiac myoblasts, endothelium, hepatic and biliary duct epithelium, lung, gut and skin epithelia, and neuroectodermal cells of donor origin have been detected. Some but not other studies demonstrated that neural stem cells as well as muscle cells may differentiate into haematopoietic cells. When injected into a blastocyst, neural stem cells contribute to many tissues of chimaeric mouse embryo; however, most studi