ABSORPTION OF BETA AND GAMMA RADIATION（β和γ辐射的吸收）.pdfVIP

7/03 Radiation Detection and Shielding ABSORPTION OF BETA AND GAMMA RADIATION The purpose of this experiment is to understand the interaction of radiation and matter, and the application to radiation detection and shielding Apparatus: 137 Cs source, 137 Ba source, Geiger counter in stand, aluminum and lead absorbers, electronic counter, Lab Pro hardware interface, Logger pro data acquisition software References: Physics: Cutnell Johnson, 5th : Chapters 31, 32 th Physics: Serway Beichner: 5 , v2, Chapter 45 Introduction The natural environment involves nuclear radiation. Mankind has added to this by production of power and by application of “artificial” radiation to medical and other uses. Detection provides information about the radiation environment; shielding involves protection by confinement of radiation or of vulnerable objects. Both involve crucially the specific interaction with matter of various common radiation types. Nature already provides essential shielding. The atmosphere and the earths dipole magnetic field protect us from external solar and galactic cosmic rays. The earths matter contains most of the natural radiation which provides significant heating of the interior. “Artificial” radiation (lifetimes short compared to that of the earth) tend to be concentrated, and to require careful attention to containment by shielding. Examples include fission power generation, medical radioisotope use for diagnosis or treatment, X-radiation etc. Common radioactive emission particles Different radiations have different properties, as summarized below: Mass Radiation Type of Radiation Charge Shieldin