Building Diverse Computer Systems：（建立不同的计算机系统）.pdfVIP

Building Diverse Computer Systems Stephanie Forrest
Anil Somayaji
David H. Ackley Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science Dept. of Computer Science University of New Mexico University of New Mexico University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 Albuquerque, NM 87131 Albuquerque, NM 87131 forrest@cs.unm.edu soma@cs.unm.edu ackley@cs.unm.edu Abstract economic leverage provided by the massive cloning of one design, such homogeneous systems have other advantages: Diversity is an important source of robustness in biological They behave consistently, application software is more port- systems. Computers, by contrast, are notablefor their lack able and more likely to run identically across machines, of diversity. Although homogeneous systems have many ad- debugging is simplified, and distribution and maintenance vantages, the beneficial effects of diversity in computing tasks are eased. Standardization efforts are a further ex- systems have been overlooked, specifically in the area of ample of the almost universal belief that homogeneity is computer security. Several methods of achieving software beneficial. diversity are discussed based on randomizations that re- As computers increasingly become mass-market com- spect the specified behavior of the pr ogram. Such random- modities, the decline in the diversity of available