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Relative BuildingBlo ck Fitness
and the BuildingBlo ck Hyp othesis
Stephanie Forrest Melanie Mitchell
Dept of Computer Science AI Lab oratory
University of New Mexico University of Michigan
Albuquerque NM Ann Arb or MI
To app ear in
D Whitley ed Foundations of Genetic Algorithms
Morgan Kaufmann San Mateo CA
Abstract
The buildingblock hyp othesis states that the GA works well when short
loworder highlyt schemas recombine to form even more highly t
higherorder schemas The ability to pro duce tter and tter partial solu
tions by combining building blo cks is b elieved to b e a primary source of the
GAs search p ower but the GA research community currently lacks pre
cise and quantitative descriptions of how schema pro cessing actually takes
place during the typical evolution of a GA search Another op en prob
lem is to characterize in detail the typ es of tness landscap es for which
crossover will b e an eective op erator In this pap er we rst describ e a
class of tness landscap es the Royal Road functions that we have de
signed to investigate these questions We then present some unexp ected
exp erimental results concerning the GAs p erformance on simple instances
of these landscap es in which we vary the strength of reinforcement from
stepping stonest intermediateorder schemas obtained by recombin
ing t loworder schemas Finally we compare the p erformance of the GA
on these functions with that of three commonly used hillclimbing schemes
and nd that one of them randommutation hillclimbing signicantly
outp erforms the GA on these functio
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