Iterated local search：（迭代局部搜索）.pdfVIP

Iterated Local Search Helena R. Lourenc¸o Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain helena.ramalhinho@econ.upf.es Olivier C. Martin Universit´e Paris-Sud, Orsay, France martino@ipno.in2p3.fr Thomas St¨utzley Darmstadt University of Technology, Darmstadt, Germany stuetzle@informatik.tu-darmstadt.de Abstract Iterated Local Search has many of the desirable features of a metaheuris- tic: it is simple, easy to implement, robust, and highly effective. The essential idea of Iterated Local Search lies in focusing the search not on the full space of solutions but on a smaller subspace defined by the solutions that are lo- cally optimal for a given optimization engine. The success of Iterated Local Search lies in the biased sampling of this set of local optima. How effec- tive this approach turns out to be depends mainly on the choice of the local search, the perturbations, and the acceptance criterion. So far, in spite of its conceptual simplicity, it has lead to a number of state-of-the-art results without the use of too much problem-specific knowledge. But with further work so that the different modules are well adapted to the problem at hand, Iterated Local Search can often become a competitive or even state of the art algorithm. The purpose of this review is both to give a detailed description of this metaheuristic and to show where it stands in terms of performance.  O.M. acknowledges support from the Institut Universitaire de France. y This work was partially supported by the “Me