关于3.英汉语言对比研究.pptVIP

3. Top-heavy/ Lion-head vs End-weight/ Peacock-tail （头重与尾重句型） 在表达多层逻辑思维时，英语往往是判断或结论、表态等在前，事实或描写等在后，即重心在前； In an English sentence, the shorter elements usually go before longer ones in arrangement order, and the whole sentence looks like a pyramid. That also explains why there are so many inverted sentences in English. 汉语则是由因到果、由假设到推论、由事实到结论，按事情发生的先后顺序进行描述, 重心在最后。 The arrangement of a Chinese sentence seems quite the opposite, so it looks like an inverted pyramid or triangle. * Nothing has happened since we parted。 我们别后没发生什么事情. 他因为病了，所以没来上课。 He didn’t come to school because he was ill. It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. 一条举世公认的真理，那就是，凡有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太。 凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。（更符合汉语表达习惯） * Soccer is a difficult sport.（1）A player must be able to run steadily without rest.（2）Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.（3）Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.（4）They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles. 足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大运动。 * 4. Static vs Dynamic (静态与动态) English tends to use less verbs than Chinese. In a simple English sentence or in an English clause, only one verb is used as the predicate of the sentence or clause. In a Chinese sentence, a number of verbs can be used as its predicate at the same time, so we may say that the Chinese is rather “dynamic” while the English is “static”. * A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation. 做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。 Engineering design is a decision-making process used for the development of engineering for which there is a human need. 工程设计是为发展人类所需工程而作决定的过程。 再走几步就到实验大楼了。 A few steps will bring you to the laboratory building./ Walk a few steps and you will reach the lab building. 我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。 The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination/ link of theory with practice. * 5