关于3 植物胚胎发生.pptVIP

* /science/article/pii/S1369526612001045 * GN affects apical–basal embryo axis formation as an essential component of the vesicle transport machinery. required for the transport of PIN1 * Cheng, Y., Dai, X., and Zhao, Y. (2007). Auxin synthesized by the YUCCA flavin monooxygenases is essential for embryogenesis and leaf formation in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 19: 2430-2439. Lau, S., Jürgens, G., and De Smet, I. (2008) The evolving complexity of the auxin pathway. Plant Cell 20:1738-1746. Reprinted with permission from Vieten, A., et al. (2005). Functional redundancy of PIN proteins is accompanied by auxin-dependent cross-regulation of PIN expression. Development 132: 4521-4531. * One of the earliest patterning events in plant embryogenesis is the establishment of the apical–basal axis, which can be traced back to the egg cell and the zygote. * Initial Cell Wall Formation (Alveolation) by Cytoplasmic Phragmoplasts in Cereals and Arabidopsis. (A)?to?(D)?Cytoplasmic phragmoplasts. (E)?to?(H)?Cereals. (I)?to?(M)?Arabidopsis. (A)?Diagram showing RMS on two adjacent cereal endosperm nuclei. For orientation, see?Figure 4A. Ccw, central cell wall. (B)?Cytoplasmic phragmoplasts form in the interzones between opposing RMS, mediating cell plate deposition (arrow). (C)?Alveoli form around each nucleus by cytoplasmic phragmoplasts. (D)?Alveoli are extended toward the central vacuole by a canopy of microtubules in a canopy-like fan of microtubules that form adventitious phragmoplasts (arrow). The nuclei are anchored to the former central cell wall by microtubules. (E)?to?(H)?Micrographs from barley depicting the stages diagrammed above each image. (I)?to?(L)?Micrographs from Arabidopsis depicting the stages diagrammed above each image. (M)?Diagram illustrating that cytoplasmic phragmoplasts are composed of substructures termed miniphragmoplasts (mp). (A)?to?(D)?are modified from?Olsen (2001), and?(H)?is redrawn from?Otegui and Staehelin (2000). * Completion of the Endosperm Cellul