人教版生物必修二知识点总结（Human teaching edition biological compulsory two knowledge points summary）.docVIP

人教版生物必修二知识点总结（Human teaching edition biological compulsory two knowledge points summary） Zhengzhou class 1106 singing I. The Basic Law of heredity (1) the law of segregation of genes The advantages of pea as a material: (1) pea can be strictly self pollinated, and it is closed pollinated and can maintain pure breed under natural conditions. (2) varieties have distinguishable characters. The artificial hybridization test process: (left pistils), emasculation bagging (anti interference), artificial pollination The genetic phenomenon of a pair of relative characters: a pair of homozygous parents with a pair of relative characters crossed, and the offspring showed a kind of expression The characters of F1 and F2 generations were separated, and the separation ratio was 3:1. The essence of the law of gene segregation: in heterozygous cells, alleles located on a pair of homologous chromosomes have Certain independence, when the organism is in meiosis, alleles are separated by homologous chromosomes, respectively In two gametes, independently transmitted to the offspring as gametes. (2) the law of free combination of genes The genetic phenomenon of two pairs of relative characters controlled by two alleles: hybridization of homozygous parents with two pairs of relative characters After generation of F1 selfing, offspring appeared in four phenotypes, with a ratio of 9:3:3:1. Each of the four phenotypes is pure Zygote accounted for 1/16 in the two generations, accounting for 4/16; the proportion of dominant individuals accounted for 9/16; the proportion of double recessive individuals accounted for 1/16; The single heterozygote accounted for 2/16 * 4=8/16; the double heterozygote accounted for 4/16; the parent type proportion accounted for 9/16 and 1/16; the proportion of recombinant types Each accounted for 3/16, 3/16 The essence of the law of free combination of genes: the separation or combination of non allelic genes located on non homologous chromosomes is not mutually e