学前卫生学笔记（Notes on preschool hygiene）.doc

学前卫生学笔记（Notes on preschool hygiene） Chapter 1 physiological basis The motor system consists of three parts, bone, bone and skeletal muscles, which are the main organs for people to work and exercise. The bones of a child are constantly growing. In the development of bone in children, more calcium is needed and vitamin D is needed. Three years of age before infants and young children, the lack of vitamin D, the bodys calcium, phosphorus can not be fully absorbed, the bones are long and weak, you will have rickets. There are 8 pieces of human carpal bones, but they can all be calcified by the age of 10. A childs bones are bent and not easily broken. Because of the chemical constituents in the bones, besides water, there are inorganic salts and organic compounds. Inorganic salts (mainly calcium salts) give skeletal rigidity, and organic matter (mainly proteins) gives skeletal elasticity. In contrast to bones in adults and children, inorganic minerals make up about 2/3 of adult bones and about 1/3 of organic matter, while inorganic salts and organic compounds account for 1/2 in children. Therefore, childrens bones strong toughness, hardness, easy to bend deformation, fracture is not appropriate. Poor posture in children can lead to spinal deformities. Spinal physiological curvature - there are four bends in the spine from top to bottom, i.e., the front bend of the neck, the back of the chest, the front bend of the waist, and the back bend of the sacrum. The muscle of children is easy to fatigue: because there is more moisture in the muscle composition of children, the protein, fat and inorganic salt are less, muscle fiber is fine, muscle strength and energy reserve are not as good as adults, so it is easy to fatigue. The development of large muscles is earlier and the development of small muscles is relatively late. If you can run, you can jump, but you cant draw a straight line. Breathing with your mouth is bad and healthy. This is because: 1, it is not conducive to th