《Electronic Circuit Design1模拟电子技术》Modern Electronic Systems.pdfVIP

1 EE-1029 Introduction to Modern Electronic Circuits Chips with Everything Modern electronic systems use highly complex and sophisticated circuits that are integrated onto a thin sliver of silicon – the so-called silicon chip. Over the years the technology that enables tiny semiconductor devices called transistors to be assembled onto the surface of a silicon chip has been progressively improved to the point where hundreds of millions of such devices can be used to produce systems of enormous power and complexity. In fact, if we trace the development of integrated circuit technology back to its origin in the early 1960s then we observe that the number of transistors that can be packed onto a single silicon chip has roughly doubled once every eighteen months over the last 40 years. This is called Moore’s Law , after Gordon Moore who was the Founder and President of Intel Corporation (see figure 1). 1.00E+10 1.00E+09 1.00E+08 1.00E+07 S R O 1.00E+06 T S I 1.00E+05 S N A R 1.00E+04 T F O 1.00E+03 . O N 1.00E+02 1.00E+01 1.00E+00 1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 YEAR Figure 1. Moore’s Law The transistors themselves are extremely small – they have to be if so many are to be placed on a piece of silicon measuring only about 10mm square. One of the major achievements during the 40-year history of the silicon integrated circuit has been the progressive refinement of the technolo