第一节概论（Section 1 introduction）.doc

第一节概论（Section 1 introduction） Chapter 66 peripheral nerve injury Section 1 introduction The peripheral nerve is divided into brain nerve, spinal nerve and autonomic nerve, all over the body skin, mucous membrane, muscle, bone joint, blood vessel and viscera. It is the cell bulge of neurons, also known as nerve fibers, consisting of axons, myelin sheath and Schwann sheath (figure 66, 1). Axon constitute the center axis of the nerve fibers, contains microfilament, microtubule, mitochondria, and the granularity of endoplasmic reticulum axoplasmic, function is the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons and nerve terminal structure. The myelin sheath is composed of myelin and protein and is wrapped in a number of segments, and the interrupt part is called Ranvier node, which has the effect of preventing the diffusion of excitation. Schwann is composed of Schwann cells and is a pathway of nerve regeneration. The peripheral nerves of nerve injury can be damaged by cutting, drawing, extrusion, etc., which can be divided into three categories according to the extent of injury: 1. Nerve conduction dysfunction (neuropraxia) nerve is temporarily disabled and nerve fibers do not degenerative. The clinical manifestation movement disorder is obvious but not muscle atrophy, the pain is dull and not disappear. Functions can be restored in days or weeks without leaving the sequelae, such as intraoperative tourniquet paralysis. 2. Neural axon interrupt (axonotmesis) nerve oppressed by blunt injury or persistent, axon fracture reach the axon and myelin sheath degeneration, nerve lining tube, complete shaft line along the schwann sheath length endings. The clinical manifestations of the neurotrophic area are characterized by the movement, loss of sensory function, muscular atrophy and neurotrophic changes, but many can recover spontaneously. Severe cases, the formation of nerve paralysis, require neurolysis. 3. The word neurotme is a strong word. The word bad is a bad word. It n