清华本科课件《生物化学》MembraneA 8170559.pptVIP

Voltage-gated Na+ channel The neuronal Na+ channel is a single, large peptide organized into four domains clustered around a central channel. Figure 12-26 (a) Voltage-gated Na+ channel Has many positive charged residues Figure 12-26 (b) Voltage-gated Na+ channel Figure 12-26 (c) Membrane fusion during neurotransmitter release at a synapse Acetylcholine Receptor (Ligand-gated ion channel) Figure 12-27 (a, b, c) Acetylcholine Receptor (Ligand-gated ion channel) Figure 12-26 (d) Some key points we have learned Movement of polar compound and ions across the membranes requires protein transporters. Carriers, like enzymes, show saturation and stereo- Specificity. Primary active transport is driven by ATP; Secondary active transport, by coupled flow of two solutes. Some transporters simply facilitate passive diffusion and others bring about active movement of solutes against an electrochemical gradient. Transporters can be divided into uniporters (GLUT1), symporters (lactose-H+ symport), and antiporters (Na+K+ATPases). Some key points we have learned Na+K+ ATPase maintains the differences in cytosol and extracellular concentration of Na+ and K+, and resulting Na+ gradient is used as the energy source for secondary active transport. ABC transporters carry a variety of substrates out of Cells, using ATP as energy source. Water move across membranes through aquaporins. There are three types of ATPase, P-type ATPase, F-type ATP ase, and V-type ATPase. Ion channels provide hydrophilic pores for select ions. They are unsaturable and have very high flux rates. Microdomains (rafts) in the plasma membrane GPI-linked protein Sphingolipids and cholesterol can form stable associations (rafts) that are enriched with specific types of membrane proteins. The rafts can cover half of the membrane surface area. GPI-linked protein Some key points we have learned Lipids and proteins can diffuse laterally within the membranes, but its mobility is limited