八年级下册历史与社会（Grade eight of history and society）.doc

八年级下册历史与社会（Grade eight of history and society） Unit 1 aggression and resistance 1, the Opium War between China and Britain (1840 - 1842) (1) the fundamental reason: the British Open up the Chinese market, looting of raw materials, dumping goods. (2) fuse: 1839 Lin Zexu led the Humen beach movement, a heavy blow to the British invaders. (3) mainly through: in June 1840, Britain provoked war. In August 1842, the ship arrived in Nanjing River, the Qing government was forced to seek and signed the Treaty of Nanjing. (4) the main contents of the Sino British Treaty of Nanjing: The cut - cut Hongkong island to Britain II reparations - 21 million yuan Trade: Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, Shanghai The tax - British import and export goods tax paid shall be agreed with the British Chinese. (5) influence: China began to degenerate from a feudal society into a semi colonial and semi feudal society, and the Opium War was the beginning of modern Chinese history. 2 and second Opium Wars (1856 - 1860) (1) fundamental reason: Western powers do not meet their vested interests and try to further open up the Chinese market. (2) the National War: the Anglo French allied forces as the main culprits, the United States and Russia as an accomplice. (3): 10 1856 1936, after the main start, 1860, British and French forces attacked Beijing and burned the Old Summer Palace, Russia in total gezhan Chinese territory of about 1500000 square kilometers. (4) influence: further deepened the degree of Chinas semi colonial and semi feudal society. In 3, during the second Opium War, Chinese and foreign reactionary forces colluded to set up a foreign team, 1862, the Taiping army fighting in Cixi, killed alongside team leader wahl. 4, in order to crush the British and Russian use Yakoob split Xinjiang plot, the Qing government appointed Zuo Zongtang as the imperial envoy to enter Xinjiang, Zuo Zongtang take the first North South slow emergency war strategy, recovered except Russia occupied Yili area