伦琴射线（Roentgen rays）.doc

伦琴射线（Roentgen rays） Roentgen rays Open categories: Physics, radiation, Nobel prize in physics, ray, electromagnetism Roentgen (Wilhelm, Conrad, Rouml, ntgen) rays, also known as X rays (X-Ray). It is a short wavelength electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of about 0.001 nanometers to 10 nanometers. Roentgen has very high penetrating power and can pass through some opaque substances, such as ink, paper, wood, etc.. The invisible ray can make a lot of material to produce visible fluorescence, the photographic plate and air ionization effect, X ray energy and shorter wavelength is bigger, called hard X ray, X long wavelength radiation energy is low, called soft X ray. When electrons are bombarded by high-speed electrons in a vacuum, the target emits X rays, which is the structure of the X - ray tube. The emitted X rays fall into two categories: (1) if the energy of the electron trapped by the target does not exceed a certain limit, only the radiation of the continuous spectrum is emitted. This radiation is called bremsstrahlung; (2) a discontinuity; it has only a few special linear spectra; the emission of this line spectrum is called characteristic radiation. The properties of continuous spectrum are independent of the target material, while the characteristic spectrum is related to the target material. Different materials have different characteristic spectra, which is why they are called characteristics. X rays are characterized by very short wavelengths and high frequencies. Therefore, X rays must be caused by the transition of atoms between two energy levels with different levels of energy. So the X - ray spectrum is the innermost electron transition in the atom, while the optical spectrum is emitted from the outer electron transition. X rays are not deflected in an electric field or magnetic field. This shows that X rays are non charged particles. In 1906, X ray was proved to be an electromagnetic wave with very short wavelength, so interference and diffra