内科鉴别点（Medical identification point）.doc

内科鉴别点（Medical identification point） Urinary system (internal medicine) case analysis thinking 1. distinguish between the three major syndromes: (1) nephritis syndrome: proteinuria, hematuria, edema, hypertension, renal damage; (2) nephrotic syndrome: a large number of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, high edema, hyperlipidemia; (3) bladder irritation: frequent micturition, dysuria, urgency, dysuria. (1) (2) glomerular disease, diagnosed: renal biopsy (3) urinary tract infections were common in married women, and confirmed: urine culture. Such as: patients, women, 32 years old, with fever, lumbago, frequent micturition, urgency, odynuria 3 days of admission. Set as (3) first Such as: patient, female, 34 years old, elevated blood pressure, lower extremity edema, urine protein + + +. Nephritis syndrome first. At the age of 5, patients with systemic edema in February, urine protein, urine red blood cell 3-5/HP + + + +, 20g/L, plasma albumin, cholesterol 8mmol/L First identified as nephrotic syndrome. 2., nephritis syndrome differentiation between acute and chronic, in addition to medical history, age is critical. Most children are acute, and adults are mostly chronic. 3. bladder irritation: pyelonephritis often further distinguish Keywords: back pain, kidney pain, urine white blood cell tube etc.. 4. nephrotic syndrome commonly used keywords: blood lipids (cholesterol), white (clear) protein, etc., you do not remember the normal value does not matter, there are indications of nephrotic syndrome. Identification of several common diseases The difference between hypertensive crisis and hypertensive encephalopathy is that the latter has conscious disturbance; Hypertensive encephalopathy is different from cerebral hemorrhage: the latter is paralyzed; The difference between intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage is that there is no paralysis or sensory impairment in the latter; The difference between cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral thrombosis: the latter often occ