1 水、电解质代谢紊乱（1 disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism）.docVIP

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1 水、电解质代谢紊乱（1 disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism）.doc

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1 水、电解质代谢紊乱（1 disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism）

1 水、电解质代谢紊乱（1 disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism） Dehydration (dehydration) \ hypotonic dehydration (Hypotonic dehydration) \ dehydration symptoms (Dehydrate, symptom) \ [hypertonic dehydration (Hypertonic, dehydration) / isotonic dehydration (Isotonic, dehydration) / water intoxication (Water, intoxication) \ hyponatremia (hyponatremia) \ hypernatremia (hypernatremia) A disorder of water and sodium metabolism Dehydration (dehydration): a decrease in body fluid volume (more than 2% of body weight) and a series of pathological disorders of function and metabolism. The water of the body is mainly the loss of extracellular fluid, while sodium ions are the most important cations in the extracellular fluid, so dehydration is often associated with the loss of sodium (I) hypotonic dehydration (Hypotonic, dehydration); Hypotonic dehydration: loss of sodium, more than water loss, serum sodium concentration 135mmol/L, plasma osmotic pressure 280mmol/L, and accompanied by decreased extracellular fluid volume, known as hypotonic dehydration. Also called hyponatremia of low volume The etiology and pathogenesis of * * * * Mainly the loss of isotonic or hypotonic fluid. 1) extra renal causes A. digestive juices are lost in large amounts, B. fluids accumulate in large amounts in the body cavity, and C. accumulates large amounts of sweat or burns in large areas 2) renal causes A large number of long-term use of sodium intake or natriuretic drug limit A. (hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide and ethacrynic acid etc.) B. chronic renal interstitial disease, ascending limb of Henle and Na with renal dysfunction increased lost C. acute renal failure polyuria period, GFR increase, tubular function did not recover, sodium and water excretion increased D. salt losing nephritis, tubular epithelial cell lesions of Ald (aldosterone) response to the decrease in sodium reabsorption in renal sodium excretion, reduce excessive The adrenal cortex and e., such as Addison disease, Ald secr