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4 Color-Doppler Ultrasonography in the Monitoring of Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Enrique M. San Norberto, James Taylor and Carlos Vaquero Division of Vascular Surgery, Valladolid University Hospital Spain 1. Introduction The introduction of endovascular stent-graft repair for aortic aneurysm has engendered considerable enthusiasm and interest from vascular specialist. With progressive improvement in imaging, clinical experience, and stent-graft design, and the use of adjuvant procedures, a substantial number of patients are now candidates for endovascular repair of an aortic aneurysm. Endoluminal aneurysm repair, however, currently is at a critical point. Unquestionably, endoluminal aneurysm repair can reduce substantially the need for intensive care and length of hospital stay, and survival is reportedly improved when compared with open repair. Although the use of stent-grafts for the treatment of thoracic and abdominal aneurysms has increased dramatically there is little midterm or long-term proof of its efficacy. Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR trial participants, 2005) has an initial postoperative benefit versus open AAA repair as a result of decreased early morbidity and mortality (EVAR trial participants. 2005; Lederle et al., 2007). However, as shown in EVAR trial 1 (EVAR trial participants, 2005), stent-graft-related complications are observed in approximatel