Fluid and Electrolyte Management - Jones （液体和电解质管理琼斯）.pdf

© Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Chapter 7 Fluid and Electrolyte Management Billie Bartel and Elizabeth Gau Learning O bjectives 1. Identify and understand basic fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients. 2. Differentiate between the types of fluids used for fluid replacement in different disease states commonly seen in the intensive care unit. 3. Recognize the causes of electrolyte abnormalities in critically ill patients. 4. Understand when and how to replace or replete electrolytes in critically ill patients. IntroductIon Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities are common in critically ill patients and often represent complications from underlying disease states or medication therapies. Critically ill patients often experience alterations in absorption, distribution, and excretion of fluids and electrolytes. Changes in hormonal and homeostatic processes and fluid status are also common in intensive care unit patients. 1 © Jones Bartlett Learning, LLC. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 2 chapter 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Management Significant complications can result from fluid and electrolyte abnormali- ties, and the severity of these complications usually parallels the magnitude of the disorder. Fluid and electrolyte disorders occurring acutely and rap- idly are often associated with increased symptoms and complications when compared to chronically occurring imbalances; these symptomatic abnor- malities require more urgent treatment. Recognizing the cause of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities is important when making treatment decisions. Critically ill patients often require very frequent monitoring and evaluation of fluid status and serum