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CSS430 Process Management CSS430 Process Management CSS430 Process Management * CSS430 Process Management Textbook Ch3 These slides were compiled from the OSC textbook slides (Silberschatz, Galvin, and Gagne) and the instructor’s class materials. CSS430 Process Management * Process Concept Process – a program in execution; process execution must progress in sequential fashion. Textbook uses the terms job and process almost interchangeably. A process includes: Program counter Stack (local variables) Data section (global data) Text (code) Heap (dynamic data) Files (cin, cout, cerr, other file descriptors) CSS430 Process Management * Process State CSS430 Process Management * Process Control Block CSS430 Process Management * Context Switch CSS430 Process Management * Process Scheduling Queues CSS430 Process Management * Representation of Process Scheduling Short-term scheduler: picks up a process from ready queue every 100ms Long-term scheduler: swaps I/O waiting processes in and out of memory CSS430 Process Management * Process Creation Parent process creates children processes. Resource sharing Resource inherited by children: file descriptors, shared memory and system queues Resource not inherited by children: address space Execution Parent and children execute concurrently. Parent waits by wait system call until children terminate. UNIX examples fork system call creates new process. execlp system call used after a fork to replace the process’ memory space with a new program. CSS430-unique ThreadOS: SysLib.exec and Syslib.join CSS430 Process Management * C Program Forking Separate Process #include stdio.h #include unistd.h int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int pid; /* fork another process */ pid = fork(); if (pid 0) { /* error occurred */ fprintf(stderr, Fork Failed); exit(-1); } else if (pid == 0) { /* child process */ execlp(/bin/ls,ls,NULL); } else { /* parent process */ /* parent will wait for the child to complete */ wait(NULL);