工程材料论文 投稿：郭卄卅.docVIP

工程材料论文 投稿：郭卄卅 非晶态材料 撰写人： 摘要:本文主要对非晶态材料的概念和基本特点作了简要的阐述，并全面介绍了非晶态材料优异的物理，化学性能与应用。 关键词:非晶态材料 分类 性能 应用 Abstract: This paper mainly of amorphous materials, concept and gave a brief exposition of the basic characteristics, and a comprehensive overview of amorphous materials, excellent physical and chemical properties and applications. Keywords: amorphous materials, performance, application, 前言： 非晶态材料 拼音：feijingtai cailiao 英文：non-crystalline material,amorphous material, glassy material 非晶态材料的基本概念 非晶态材料是材料科学中一个广阔而又崭新的领域。自然界中，物质存在着三种聚集状态，即气态、液态、固态。固态物质又有两种不同的形式存在，即晶体和非晶体。在晶体中原子、分子或离子在三维空间进行有规律的周期性排列。与此相反，有些物质的原子或离子并没有规律和周期性，是无序排列，这种物质称为非晶态物质 “非晶态”的概念在人们的头脑里是相对于“晶态”而言的。金属和很多固体，它们的结构状态是按一定的几何图形、有规则地周期排列而成，就是我们曾定义的“有序结构”。而在非晶态材料的结构中，它只有在一定的大小范围内，原子才形成一定的几何图形排列，近邻的原子间距、键长才具有一定的规律性。例如非晶合金，在15～20 范围内，它们的原子排列成四面体的结构，每个原子就占据了四面体的棱柱的交点上。但是，在大于20 的范围内，原子成为各种无规则的堆积，不能形成有规则的几何图形排列。因此，这类材料具有独特的物理、化学性能，有些非晶合金的某些性能要比晶态更为优异。 amorphous materials, the basic concepts of Amorphous material is a material science, a vast and new field. Nature, there are three kinds of aggregation state of the material, namely gas, liquid, solid. There are two kinds of solid substances exist in different forms, namely, crystals and amorphous. In the crystal atoms, molecules or ions in three-dimensional space of regular periodic arrangement. In contrast, some material atoms or ions, and there is no law and cyclical, is a disorderly arrangement, this substance is called amorphous substances “Amorphous” concept in people’s minds is relative to the “crystal” for the purposes of. M etal and a lot of solid, their structural state is at a certain geometry, there are regularly arranged cycle is made is that we have defined “an orderly structure.” In the structure of amorphous materials, it is only in a certain size range, the atoms before the formation of a certain geometric arrangement of atoms in neighbor spacing, bond length only has a certain regularity. For example, amorphous alloy, in the 15 to 20 within their atom