森林生态系统镉污染研究进展 - 生态学报.pdf

第24卷第1期 生 态 学 报 Vol.24.No.I 2004年 1月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA ]an..2004 森林生态系统镐污染研究进展 黄益宗，朱永官 (中国科学院生态环境研究中心，北京 100085) 摘要:综述了近几十年来国内外有关森林生态系统锅污染的研究进展。森林生态系统锅污染的来源有自然来源和人为来源.自 然森林生态系统和人工森林生态系统的福污染来源有明显差异。林地污泥应用、污灌、含锅礴肥的施用以及大气沉降等是人工 森林生态系统锅污染的主要来源。锅污染对森林生态系统中的生产者、消费者和分解者均有毒害作用。森林生态系统的结构和 功能特性使其在环境锅污染监测和防治中起着重要作用 关盆词:锅污染;森林生态系统;影响 A review oncadmiumcontaminationinforestecosystem HUANGYi-Zong.ZHUYong-Guan (ResearchCenterforEoo-environmentalSciences.ChineseAcademyofSciences.Beijing 100085,Chi-).ActaEcolo况“口Sialca.200a.2a(l)101--108 Abstract:Cadmium oneofthemosttoxicheavymetals,isharmfultohumanbeing,animalsandplants.Forestisanimportant ve只etationtypeontheearth.andforestecosystem playsacriticalroleinthefunctionsoftheearthecosystem.Thepresent paperaimstoprovideacriticalreviewoncadmium contaminationinforestecosystemanditsimpactsonecosystemhealth. Thesourceofcadmiuminforestecosystemisfromgeogenicsourcesaswellasfromhumanactivities.Therearedifferent sourcesofcadmium contaminationbetweennaturalforestecosystemsandman-madeforestecosystems.Cadmium contaminationinman-madeforestecosystemresultsfromseveralmainroutes;cadmium from atmosphericdeposition. utilizationofsewagesludge,andsoilapplicationofphosphatefertilizerswithhighCdconcentration.Toxicityofcadmiumon producers(trees,shrub.herbage,moss).consumers(animals)anddisintegrators(microorganism)inforestecosystemsis discussed.Cadmiumcontaminationaffectsplantsphysiologicalandbiochemicalprocessessuchasphotosynthesis.respiration. transpiration,nutrientuptake,waterutilizationandenzymeactivities,whichinturninhibit