3.简述固定汇率制度下和浮动汇率制度下调节国际收支的手段及效果。（3. briefly describe the means and effects of adjusting the balance of payments under the fixed exchange rate system and the floating exchange rate system.）.doc

3.简述固定汇率制度下和浮动汇率制度下调节国际收支的手段及效果。（3. briefly describe the means and effects of adjusting the balance of payments under the fixed exchange rate system and the floating exchange rate system.） 3. briefly describe the means and effects of adjusting the balance of payments under the fixed exchange rate system and the floating exchange rate system. A: under different exchange rate regimes, the mechanism of international payments adjustment is different. Therefore, different regulation methods should be adopted for different exchange rate regimes. And different adjustment methods have different effects. Here is a brief analysis. (1) the means and effects of international balance of payments under the fixed exchange rate system. The fixed exchange rate system can be further divided into the international gold standard system and the international gold exchange standard. Under the international gold standard system, the balance of payments between countries is adjusted spontaneously. According to Humes price - cash flow mechanism, international payments imbalance will cause the gold flow, while gold flow will cause the corresponding changes in the price level of goods, so the input and output of a corresponding increase or decrease, the international balance of payments balance. But the spontaneous adjustment mechanism needs to meet certain prerequisites: the international gold standard monetary discipline; the free trade system must be observed; the import and export commodity price elasticity of demand must satisfy the Marshall Lener condition. Since these conditions are often difficult to obtain, the effect of the spontaneous adjustment of the balance of payments is not very satisfactory. Even if external equilibrium is achieved, it is usually at the expense of internal equilibrium. In the international gold exchange standard under the condition of a countrys international balance of payments imbalances, it can take the following methods: Foreign exchange cushion policy. A